Vibe ChessVibe ChessApp

Chess openings for Black: what to answer the first move with

With Black an opening starts with somebody else's move: first 1.e4 or 1.d4, and only then your choice. Gathered here are the defences and counter-gambits for the second player - the Sicilian, the French, the Caro-Kann, the Slav, the King's Indian and others, each with a walkthrough on the board.

Why with Black you need two openings rather than one

Black does not choose the first move - Black chooses the answer. Which means preparing for two different worlds at once: 1.e4 with open lines and fast piece play, and 1.d4 with a closed centre and long manoeuvring. That is the main difference from preparing with White, where one first move is enough.

The second difference is the goal. White fights to keep the initiative, Black to seize it or to equalise. Hence two kinds of repertoire: the counterattacking one (the Sicilian, the King's Indian, the Benko Gambit) and the solid one (the Caro-Kann, the Slav, the Berlin Defence). Both work; it is a question of temperament.

Experience shows that with Black it is more useful to have a scheme you can play almost always than ten lines for every occasion. A scheme gives you recognisable positions, and recognisable positions mean ready-made plans instead of calculating from scratch every move.

Open games for Black (1.e4 e5)

Semi-open games for Black (1.e4)

Closed and Indian openings for Black (1.d4, 1.c4)

Flank openings for Black

Where to start with Black

The minimum kit is one opening against 1.e4 and one against 1.d4. Here are workable pairs for different tastes.

How to learn an opening with Black

  1. 1Cover 1.e4 first, then 1.d4Do not try to cover everything at once. Choose one answer to your opponents' most common first move and play it until the positions become recognisable.
  2. 2Go through the main line on the boardGo through the opening move by move: which squares the pieces take, where the pawn break is and which wing the fight is for. Plans matter more than lines.
  3. 3Work out separately what to do against aggressionAt amateur level White often goes for early attacks and gambits. Knowing how to blunt a charge matters more than remembering move fifteen of the main line.
  4. 4Learn the typical structure rather than the move orderMany openings for Black come down to a single pawn structure. Understanding it, you play correctly even when the move order is unfamiliar.
  5. 5Go through your games afterwardsMark the move at which your preparation ran out and find a plan for that position. That way the repertoire grows out of real problems rather than out of a textbook.

Typical mistakes in the opening with Black

  • Playing purely reactively: copying your opponent's moves instead of following your own plan - that way the initiative is never seized.
  • Bringing the queen out early for counterplay: White develops with tempo by attacking it.
  • Weakening the pawns around the king before castling, especially with ...h6 and ...g5 in open positions.
  • Grabbing a gambit pawn and clinging to it while three tempi behind in development.
  • Keeping only sharp openings in the repertoire: if your opponent knows the line better, the game ends on move ten.

Common questions

Which opening with Black is best for beginners?

Against 1.e4, the Caro-Kann Defence: a firm structure, plans that make sense and few early tactical blows. Against 1.d4, the Slav Defence for the same reason. That pair covers almost every game and calls for no cramming of long lines.

How many openings do I need to know with Black?

Two at least: one against 1.e4 and one against 1.d4. That lasts a long time. A third is worth adding when a particular scheme from your opponents keeps putting you in an awkward position.

Is it true that Black plays for a draw?

No. Black's task in the opening is to equalise, but equalising here means getting a game of your own rather than defending passively. The Sicilian, the King's Indian and the Benko Gambit are played from the start to seize the initiative and to win.

What do I do if White plays a rare first move?

Develop by the general rules: occupy the centre with pawns, bring out the minor pieces, castle. Against 1.b3, 1.f4 and openings like them you barely need to know specific lines - sensible play is enough.

How does a counter-gambit differ from a defence?

A defence aims at a firm position and equality; a counter-gambit aims at immediate counterplay at the cost of a pawn. The Benko Gambit and the Albin Counter-Gambit give up material for the initiative and open lines.

A tournament without a paper crosstable

Everything people usually keep in a spreadsheet is already in the app: pairings, points, tie-breaks, round order. Free, with no subscriptions and no cap on the number of players.

  • Swiss
    many players, one evening: four or five rounds are enough
  • Round robin
    the fairest format for six to ten players
  • Free meetup
    not a tournament, just an evening of chess - who is free and who is playing is visible in the app

Vibe Chess evenings around the cities

Vibe Chess runs chess meetups - networking evenings in cities across Russia: Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Kazan, Yekaterinburg, Novosibirsk and more. For companies we run corporate chess tournaments, and every city and format is gathered on the home page.

Fancy the next chess evening?

Open the Vibe Chess app - it has the schedule of meetups and chess events across the cities, the registration and your own tournaments.