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The opposition in front of the pawn

The opposition is the situation where the kings face each other with one square between them, and the side NOT to move holds it. In pawn endings it decides which king has to give way.

Here White has the king on f6 and a pawn on f5; Black has the king on f8. White to move, and the position is won (per the tablebases): the king in front of its own pawn takes the opposition, pushes the enemy king back and escorts the pawn through.

«King in front of the pawn plus the opposition» is the key to winning the simplest pawn endings. If it is the defending king that gets in front with the opposition, the result is usually a draw.

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How to play the stronger side

  1. 1Lead with the king, not the pawn: the king belongs in front of the pawn, not behind it.
  2. 2Get the opposition - kings on the same line with one square between them, and the opponent to move.
  3. 3With the opposition in hand, walk round the enemy king along the rank and seize the key squares.
  4. 4Move the pawn only once the king has occupied a key square in front of it.

Common mistakes

  • Pushing the pawn ahead of the king - then the defending king simply stands in front of it and holds the draw.
  • Losing the opposition by stepping the king to the wrong side: the rule is simple - leave an odd number of squares between the kings.
  • Forgetting that with the king in front of the pawn on the sixth rank the win is there whoever is to move, while on the fifth it needs the opposition.

Common questions

What is the opposition in chess?

The position where the kings stand on the same line with one square between them and the opponent is to move. Whoever has to move gives way and lets the enemy king through to the key squares.

Why does the opposition matter in a pawn ending?

It decides whether the pawn gets through. The stronger side takes the opposition in order to walk round the enemy king and occupy the key squares in front of the pawn.

Does the king in front of the pawn always win?

No. A king in front of its pawn on the sixth rank wins whoever is to move; on the fifth rank it only wins with the opposition.

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