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The active king in a pawn ending

In the endgame the king turns into an active fighting piece. The main principle of pawn endings is to lead the king forward, ahead of its own pawn: from there it clears the path and seizes the key squares.

Here White has a far-advanced king on c6 and a lagging pawn on b2; Black has the king on e7. White to move, and the position is won (per the tablebases): the active king is already in front of its pawn and escorts it home without depending on the opposition.

The lesson: do not rush to push the pawn - walk the king forward first. King activity in the endgame often matters more than an extra tempo, or even an extra pawn.

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How to play the stronger side

  1. 1Start by walking the king forward rather than pushing the pawn.
  2. 2Aim to occupy the square in front of the pawn, two ranks ahead of it.
  3. 3Take the opposition and push the enemy king aside.
  4. 4Move the pawn last - once the road to promotion is already covered by the king.

Common mistakes

  • Pushing the pawn first is the commonest way to let the win slip.
  • Bringing the king up by anything other than the shortest route, losing tempi on the detour.
  • Trading pawns without counting who gets into the square of the remaining passer first.

Common questions

Why is the king more important than the pawn in a pawn ending?

A pawn on its own is stopped by the enemy king. The side whose king reaches the squares in front of the pawn first is the one that wins - which is why the king leads.

Where should the king go in a pawn ending?

To the squares in front of its own pawn, and with several pawns on the board, to the side where the opponent has weaknesses and where their king cannot get in time.

How do you tell that a king is active?

It is nearer the centre and the passed pawns than the enemy king, and it is not tied to defending its own pawns.

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