Rook and pawn against rook with a rook's pawn is the hardest kind to win, and the result is often a draw. Here, though, White is to move and the position is won (per the tablebases): the black king is cut off far from the pawn.
White has the king on a8, the pawn on a7 and the rook on e2; Black has the king on f7 and the rook on b1. The rook on the e-file keeps the black king away from the pawn; while the king is cut off, White walks his own king out of the corner and pushes a7-a8.
The key idea in endings like this is to cut the enemy king off from the passer with the rook. If the defending king does get in front of a rook's pawn, the famous drawing technique (the Vancura position) usually saves the day.
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