The Benko Gambit arises after 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.d5 b5 (ECO A57). Black sacrifices the b5 pawn to open the a- and b-files on the queenside and obtain lasting positional pressure.
The compensation here is positional rather than tactical: the rooks and the bishop on g7 lean on White's queenside, and that pressure persists even into the endgame. For the pawn Black gets remarkably comfortable, easy-to-play chess.
The gambit is named both after Pal Benko and after the river Volga (the name «Volga Gambit» took hold in the Soviet school). It is one of the most respected gambits there is - a positional pawn sacrifice with a long initiative.
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