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A fortress with opposite-coloured bishops

A fortress is an impregnable formation in which the weaker side holds the draw despite the missing material. With opposite-coloured bishops fortresses are especially common: the defending bishop controls the squares of one colour and the pawns simply cannot get through.

Here White is two pawns up (c6 and f3) with the king on e4 and the bishop on d7, but Black's bishop on c7 builds a fortress together with the king. White to move, and it is a draw (per the tablebases): the defence cannot be breached.

The main lesson: with opposite-coloured bishops, material counts for less than the blockade. Before assessing «extra pawns», check whether the opponent can build a fortress on their own colour.

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How to build a fortress

  1. 1Put the bishop on a diagonal the opponent's pawns cannot block.
  2. 2Blockade the passed pawns on squares of your bishop's colour.
  3. 3Keep the king next to the pawns - it takes on the squares of the other colour.
  4. 4Do not trade pieces or move pawns unless you must: the fortress holds by staying still.

Common mistakes

  • Letting the bishop off the key diagonal in order to win a pawn.
  • Moving one of your own pawns and opening a road into the fortress for the enemy king.
  • Trading bishops - without them the position is often lost at once.

Common questions

What is a fortress with opposite-coloured bishops?

A set-up in which bishop and king cover every breakthrough square, and the opponent cannot improve even with extra pawns.

How many extra pawns fail to win with opposite-coloured bishops?

Often even two: if the weaker side gets the bishop onto the right diagonal in time and blockades the pawns.

How do you break a fortress?

Create a second passed pawn on the opposite wing - only play on two wings usually breaks such a defence.

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